6 Effective Strategies for Teaching Math to Children with Dyslexia
What is dyslexia?
Dyslexia is a language-based learning disability, and can often present obstacles in math comprehension and retention. However, with the right strategies and support, children with dyslexia can not only excel in math but in other areas of their academics. In this article, we'll explore six effective strategies for teaching math to kids with dyslexia, backed by research and expert insights.
“While dyslexia is different from dyscalculia, many students have both!
There are similarities in how to help students with dyslexia and dyscalculia.”
1. Consistency & Repetition
Dyslexia is often associated with memory difficulties, which can affect a child's ability to recall math concepts and facts. To address this challenge, consistency is key. The more children are exposed to and work through math problems, the better they will remember. Research has shown that spaced repetition, where students revisit material over time, improves long-term retention. Teachers and parents should ensure that math concepts are consistently reinforced in daily lessons and practice.
Example
It is very important to use a consistent math sentence. When teaching addition, use the same format and symbols (+) in math problems. If you’re teaching the addition of two-digit numbers, structure the problems like this: 4+5 =
When teaching addition, introduce the concept with manipulatives like counting beads.
Have the student count out (out loud) 1, 2, 3 beads, then counting out loud, add 1, 2 more beads. Then count out loud the total number of beads 3 beads +2 beads = 5 beads.Write down the problem: 3 + 2 = Ask the student to solve it using the beads.
Practicing addition using these consistent and repetitive strategies will help your student become familiar with the addition process and increase their confidence in solving similar problems.
Scaffolding, or providing support and guidance, is crucial for students with dyslexia. Scaffolding can involve breaking complex problems into smaller, more manageable steps, offering verbal cues, and providing immediate feedback. This approach helps children build confidence and independence in tackling math challenges.
Example
Suppose a student is learning long division. Begin by showing them each step and explaining it as you go. Then, gradually reduce your support as they become more comfortable with the process.
An example of scaffolding might look like this:
"Let's divide 342 by 7."
"Now, let's write down the 7 times table to find the closest multiple of 7."
"What's the largest multiple of 7 that's less than or equal to 342?"
"Great, now let's do the subtraction."
Over time, the student will require less guidance and be able to complete the steps independently.
3. Encourage Critical Thinking
When children have questions about math problems, it's tempting to provide answers directly. However, a more effective strategy is to encourage them to think critically. Ask questions like, "What do you think you should do next?" This promotes problem-solving skills and engages their logical reasoning abilities, which are essential for math comprehension.
Example
If a student is stuck on a word problem involving fractions, some questions that might assist the student are:
"What does the problem ask you to find?"
"What information is given in the problem?"
"Can you break down the problem into smaller parts?"
"What operation(s) do you think you need to use?"
Encouraging your student to dissect the problem and think through their approach helps in fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
4. Frequent Review
Research has shown that short, daily practice sessions are highly beneficial for children with dyslexia. They need multiple exposures to math concepts before information is retained in long-term memory. Regular review of fundamental skills, such as counting, addition, and multiplication, helps solidify their understanding of these concepts.
Example
While gradually introducing new math concepts it is imperative to ensure previous concepts are retained. How do you do this? Dedicate a few minutes each day to review previously learned concepts, often called spiral learning.
If you are moving from single-digit multiplication (3 x 4 =) to multiple-digit multiplication (33 x 4 =) it is important to review single-digit facts and place value placement.
This provides an opportunity for students for repetitive and consistent practice. Repetition helps students with dyslexia internalize math facts and gain confidence in their abilities.
5. Hands-On Learning
For young children with dyslexia who may struggle with abstract thinking, hands-on learning is invaluable. Manipulatives, such as counting beads, geometric shapes, and tactile materials, can help them visualize and grasp mathematical concepts.
Example
When teaching geometry concepts, provide manipulatives (Tangrams, Wooden shapes, or Magnetic Tiles), and physical shapes like triangles, rectangles, and circles. Let the student manipulate these shapes to create patterns, explore symmetry, and understand concepts like perimeter and area.
Tactile engagement helps students visualize abstract ideas. This multi-sensory approach enhances a student’s understanding and retention of math skills.
6. Utilize Everyday Math
Incorporating math into everyday activities is an effective way to demonstrate its relevance and usefulness. From cooking measurements to budgeting for household projects or playing math-based games, parents and teachers can show children how math is applied in real-life situations. This contextual learning approach makes math more engaging and relatable.
Example
Grocery Shopping Budget
Involve your child in creating a grocery shopping budget for the family.
Explain the importance of staying within the budget and making choices based on prices and quantities.
While at the store, have the child calculate the total cost of items and keep track of spending.
This real-world application of math reinforces the relevance of math in everyday life and encourages skill-building.
Conclusion
Reference
These detailed learning examples demonstrate how each strategy can be applied in practical math scenarios to support children with dyslexia in their math learning journey. By tailoring instruction to students' needs and providing consistent support, children can develop strong math skills and confidence.
Witzel B. & Mize, M. (2018). Meeting the Needs of Students with Dyslexia and Dyscalculia. Southeastern Regional Association of Teacher Educators, 27(1). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1166703.pdf
